Tushen sabon makamashi: Karanta ci gaba da ƙa'idar batirin lithium

Batirin lithium nau'in batirin da ake iya caji shi ne wanda amsawar electrochemical ta dogara ne akan ƙaurar ions na lithium tsakanin electrodes masu kyau da marasa kyau. Batirin lithium yana da fa'idodi na yawan kuzari mai yawa, tsawon rai da ƙarancin saurin fitar da kansa, don haka ana amfani da su sosai a cikin na'urori daban-daban na lantarki da motocin lantarki.

Ka'idar aiki na batirin lithium ta dogara ne akan ƙaura tsakanin ions na lithium tsakanin electrodes masu kyau da marasa kyau. A lokacin caji, ana fitar da ions na lithium daga abu mai kyau (yawanci oxide kamar lithium cobaltate), suna ratsa electrolyte, sannan a saka su cikin abu mara kyau (yawanci abu mai carbon). A lokacin fitarwa, ana raba ions na lithium daga abu mara kyau kuma ana motsawa ta cikin electrolyte zuwa abu mai kyau, yana samar da makamashin lantarki da na lantarki, wanda ke tura kayan aikin waje su yi aiki.

Ana iya sauƙaƙa ƙa'idar aiki na batirin lithium zuwa matakai masu zuwa:

1. A lokacin caji, wutar lantarki mara kyau ta batirin lithium za ta shanye wutar lantarki ta waje. Domin ta kasance tsaka tsaki a wutar lantarki, wutar lantarki mai kyau za ta tilasta sakin wutar lantarki zuwa waje, kuma ions ɗin lithium da suka rasa wutar lantarki za su jawo hankalin wutar lantarki mara kyau kuma su ratsa ta cikin wutar lantarki zuwa wutar lantarki mara kyau. Ta wannan hanyar, wutar lantarki mara kyau tana sake cika wutar lantarki kuma tana adana ions ɗin lithium.

2. Lokacin da ake fitar da wutar lantarki, electrons ɗin suna komawa zuwa ga electrode mai kyau ta hanyar da'irar waje, kuma ana cire ions na lithium daga kayan electrode mara kyau, suna sakin kuzarin wutar lantarki da aka adana a cikin aikin, sannan su koma ga electrode mai kyau ta hanyar electrolyte, kuma ana haɗa electrons ɗin don shiga cikin amsawar ragewa don dawo da tsarin mahaɗin lithium.

3. A tsarin caji da fitarwa, a zahiri, tsarin lithium ions ne ke bin electrons, wanda a lokacin ake samun adanawa da sakin makamashin lantarki.

Ci gaban batirin lithium ya sha matakai da dama. A farkon shekarun 1970, an fara gabatar da batirin ƙarfe na lithium, amma saboda yawan aiki da kuma matsalolin tsaro na ƙarfen lithium, iyakokin amfani da su sun yi iyaka. Daga baya, batirin lithium-ion sun zama babbar fasahar zamani, wadda ke amfani da mahaɗan lithium marasa ƙarfe a matsayin kayan lantarki masu kyau don magance matsalar aminci na batirin ƙarfe na lithium. A shekarun 1990, batirin lithium polymer sun bayyana, suna amfani da gels na polymer a matsayin electrolytes, suna inganta aminci da yawan kuzari na batura. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sabbin fasahohin batirin lithium kamar batirin lithium-sulfur da batirin lithium mai ƙarfi suma suna tasowa.

A halin yanzu, batirin lithium-ion har yanzu shine fasahar batirin da aka fi amfani da ita kuma mafi tsufa. Tana da ƙarfin kuzari mai yawa, tsawon lokacin aiki da ƙarancin fitar da iska, kuma ana amfani da ita sosai a wayoyin hannu, kwamfutocin rubutu, motocin lantarki da sauran fannoni. Bugu da ƙari, ana kuma amfani da batirin lithium polymer sosai a fannoni kamar na'urori masu siriri da haske da belun kunne mara waya, saboda yawan kuzarinsu da siraran ƙirarsu.

Kasar Sin ta samu ci gaba mai ban mamaki a fannin batirin lithium. Kasar Sin tana daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da kuma masu amfani da batirin lithium a duniya. Sarkar masana'antar batirin lithium ta kasar Sin ta cika, tun daga sayen kayan masarufi zuwa kera batir yana da wani girma da karfin fasaha. Kamfanonin batirin lithium na kasar Sin sun sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a fannin bincike da bunkasa fasaha, karfin samarwa da kuma kasuwar da ake da ita. Bugu da kari, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta kuma gabatar da jerin manufofin tallafi don karfafa ci gaba da kirkire-kirkire a masana'antar batirin lithium. Batirin lithium ya zama babban mafita ga makamashi a fannoni kamar na'urorin lantarki da motocin lantarki.