Lejoe la motheo la matla a macha: Bala nts'etsopele le molao-motheo oa libeteri tsa lithium

Libetri tsa Lithium ke mofuta o tloaelehileng oa betri e tjhajwang hape eo karabelo ea eona ea electrochemical e thehiloeng ho falleng ha li-ion tsa lithium lipakeng tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe. Libetri tsa Lithium li na le melemo ea ho ba le matla a mangata, bophelo bo bolelele le sekhahla se tlase sa ho intša, kahoo li sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa elektroniki le likoloi tsa motlakase.

Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso oa libeteri tsa lithium o thehiloe holim'a ho falla ha li-ion tsa lithium pakeng tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja, li-ion tsa lithium li lokolloa ho tsoa thepa e ntle (hangata oxide joalo ka lithium cobaltrate), li feta ka har'a electrolyte, ebe li kenngoa ka har'a thepa e mpe (hangata ke thepa ea carbon). Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho ntša, li-ion tsa lithium li aroloa ho thepa e mpe 'me li tsamaea ka har'a electrolyte ho ea thepa e ntle, li hlahisa matla a motlakase le a motlakase, a etsang hore lisebelisoa tsa kantle li sebetse.

Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ea libeteri tsa lithium o ka nolofatsoa ka mehato e latelang:

1. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja, electrode e mpe ea betri ea lithium e tla monya lielektrone tsa kantle. E le hore e lule e sa nke lehlakore ka motlakase, electrode e ntle e tla qobelloa ho lokolla lielektrone kantle, 'me li-ion tsa lithium tse lahlehileng lielektrone li tla hoheloa ke electrode e mpe 'me li tsamaee ka har'a electrolyte ho ea ho electrode e mpe. Ka tsela ena, electrode e mpe e tlatsa lielektrone 'me e boloka li-ion tsa lithium.

2. Ha e ntsha motlakase, dielektrone di kgutlela ho electrode e ntle ka potoloho ya kantle, mme di-ion tsa lithium le tsona di tloswa ho thepa ya electrode e mpe, di lokolla matla a motlakase a bolokilweng nakong eo, mme di kgutlela ho electrode e ntle ka electrolyte, mme dielektrone di kopanngwa ho nka karolo karabelong ya phokotso ho tsosolosa sebopeho sa motsoako wa lithium.

3. Mokhoeng oa ho tjhaja le ho ntša motlakase, ha e le hantle, ke mokhoa oa li-ion tsa lithium tse lelekisang lielektrone, tseo ka tsona polokelo le tokollo ea matla a motlakase li fihlellehang.

Ntlafatso ea libeteri tsa lithium e fetile mekhahlelong e mengata. Mathoasong a bo-1970, libeteri tsa tšepe tsa lithium li ile tsa hlahisoa ka lekhetlo la pele, empa ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e phahameng le mathata a polokeho a tšepe ea lithium, boholo ba ts'ebeliso ea tsona bo ne bo lekanyelitsoe. Ka mor'a moo, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li fetohile theknoloji e kholo, e sebelisang metsoako ea lithium e seng ea tšepe e le thepa e ntle ea electrode ho rarolla bothata ba polokeho ea libeteri tsa tšepe tsa lithium. Lilemong tsa bo-1990, libeteri tsa lithium polymer li ile tsa hlaha, li sebelisa li-gel tsa polymer e le li-electrolyte, li ntlafatsa polokeho le bongata ba matla a libeteri. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mahlale a macha a libeteri tsa lithium joalo ka libeteri tsa lithium-sulfur le libeteri tsa lithium tse tiileng le tsona li ntse li tsoela pele.

Hona jwale, dibetri tsa lithium-ion e ntse e le tsona tse sebediswang haholo le tse seng di hodile haholo theknolojing ya betri. E na le matla a mangata, nako e telele ya ho phela le sekgahla se tlase sa ho itshunya, mme e sebediswa haholo difounong tsa thekeng, dikhomphutheng tsa dinotebook, dikoloi tsa motlakase le mafapheng a mang. Ho feta moo, dibetri tsa lithium polymer le tsona di sebediswa haholo mafapheng a kang disebediswa tse tshesane le tse bobebe le di-headphone tse se nang mohala, ka lebaka la matla a tsona a mangata le dibopeho tse tshesane tsa moralo.

Chaena e entse tsoelo-pele e makatsang lefapheng la libeteri tsa lithium. Chaena ke e 'ngoe ea bahlahisi le bareki ba kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ba libeteri tsa lithium. Ketane ea indasteri ea libeteri tsa lithium ea Chaena e phethehile, ho tloha ho rekoeng ha thepa e tala ho ea tlhahisong ea libeteri e na le tekanyo e itseng le matla a botekgeniki. Likhamphani tsa libeteri tsa lithium tsa Chaena li entse tsoelo-pele ea bohlokoa lipatlisisong le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji, bokhoni ba tlhahiso le karolo ea 'maraka. Ho phaella moo, mmuso oa Chaena o boetse o hlahisitse letoto la maano a tšehetso ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele le boqapi ba indasteri ea libeteri tsa lithium. Libeteri tsa Lithium li fetohile tharollo e kholo ea matla libakeng tse kang lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le likoloi tsa motlakase.