Mwala wapangodya wa mphamvu zatsopano: Werengani chitukuko ndi mfundo za mabatire a lithiamu

Mabatire a Lithium ndi mtundu wamba wa mabatire omwe amachajidwanso mphamvu ndipo mphamvu zake zamagetsi zimadalira kusamuka kwa ma ayoni a lithiamu pakati pa ma electrode abwino ndi oipa. Mabatire a Lithium ali ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, moyo wautali komanso kutsika kwa mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu, kotero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi ndi magalimoto amagetsi.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya mabatire a lithiamu imachokera pa kusamuka kwa ma ayoni a lithiamu pakati pa ma electrode abwino ndi oipa. Panthawi yochaja, ma ayoni a lithiamu amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zabwino (nthawi zambiri oxide monga lithiamu cobaltrate), amadutsa mu electrolyte, kenako amalowetsedwa mu zinthu zoipa (nthawi zambiri zimakhala zinthu za kaboni). Panthawi yotulutsa, ma ayoni a lithiamu amalekanitsidwa ndi zinthu zoipa ndipo amadutsa mu electrolyte kupita ku zinthu zabwino, ndikupanga mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zakunja zigwire ntchito.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya mabatire a lithiamu ikhoza kufotokozedwa m'njira zotsatirazi:

1. Pa nthawi yochaja, electrode yoyipa ya batire ya lithiamu idzayamwa ma elekitironi akunja. Kuti ikhalebe yopanda magetsi, electrode yoyipa idzakakamizidwa kutulutsa ma elekitironi kunja, ndipo ma ayoni a lithiamu omwe ataya ma elekitironi adzakopeka ndi electrode yoyipa ndikudutsa mu electrolyte kupita ku electrode yoyipa. Mwanjira imeneyi, electrode yoyipa imadzazanso ma elekitironi ndikusunga ma ayoni a lithiamu.

2. Akatulutsa mphamvu, ma elekitironi amabwerera ku elekitironi yabwino kudzera mu dera lakunja, ndipo ma lithiamu ayoni amachotsedwanso kuchokera ku zinthu za elekitironi yoyipa, kutulutsa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zasungidwa panthawiyi, ndikubwerera ku elekitironi yabwino kudzera mu elekitironi, ndipo ma elekitironi amaphatikizidwa kuti agwire nawo ntchito yochepetsa kuti abwezeretse kapangidwe ka lithiamu compound.

3. Mu ndondomeko ya chaji ndi kutulutsa, kwenikweni, ndi njira ya ma lithiamu ion kuthamangitsa ma elekitironi, pomwe kusungidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kumachitika.

Kupanga mabatire a lithiamu kwadutsa m'magawo angapo. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, mabatire a lithiamu anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma chifukwa cha ntchito zambiri komanso chitetezo cha chitsulo cha lithiamu, mphamvu zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinali zochepa. Pambuyo pake, mabatire a lithiamu-ion akhala ukadaulo waukulu, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a lithiamu osakhala achitsulo ngati zinthu zabwino za electrode kuti athetse vuto la chitetezo cha mabatire a lithiamu. M'zaka za m'ma 1990, mabatire a lithiamu polymer adawonekera, pogwiritsa ntchito ma polymer gels ngati ma electrolyte, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabatire azikhala otetezeka komanso amphamvu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ukadaulo watsopano wa mabatire a lithiamu monga mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure ndi mabatire a lithiamu olimba nawonso akhala akukula.

Pakadali pano, mabatire a lithiamu-ion akadali ukadaulo wa batire womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso wokhwima kwambiri. Ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, nthawi yayitali komanso mphamvu yochepa yotulutsa mphamvu, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafoni am'manja, makompyuta a notebook, magalimoto amagetsi ndi zina. Kuphatikiza apo, mabatire a lithiamu-polymer amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'magawo monga zida zopyapyala komanso zopepuka komanso mahedifoni opanda zingwe, chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zambiri komanso kapangidwe kake kopyapyala.

China yapita patsogolo kwambiri pankhani ya mabatire a lithiamu. China ndi imodzi mwa makampani opanga komanso ogula mabatire a lithiamu padziko lonse lapansi. Makampani opanga mabatire a lithiamu ku China atha, kuyambira kugula zinthu zopangira mpaka kupanga mabatire ali ndi kukula kwina komanso mphamvu zaukadaulo. Makampani opanga mabatire a lithiamu ku China apita patsogolo kwambiri pakufufuza ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo, mphamvu zopangira komanso gawo la msika. Kuphatikiza apo, boma la China lakhazikitsanso mfundo zingapo zothandizira kuti zilimbikitse chitukuko ndi zatsopano zamakampani opanga mabatire a lithiamu. Mabatire a lithiamu akhala njira yayikulu yothanirana ndi mphamvu m'malo monga zida zamagetsi ndi magalimoto amagetsi.