Nheyo yesimba idzva: Verenga kukura uye musimboti wemabhatiri e lithiamu

Mabhatiri eLithium imhando yakajairika yemabhatiri anochajwazve ayo maitiro emagetsi anoenderana nekufamba kwemaion eLithium pakati pemaelectrode akanaka neasina kunaka. Mabhatiri eLithium ane zvakanakira zvekuwanda kwesimba, kugara kwenguva refu uye kudzikira kwesimba rekuzviburitsa, saka anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yakasiyana-siyana yemagetsi nemotokari dzemagetsi.

Pfungwa yekushanda kwemabhatiri e lithium inobva pakutama kwema ioni e lithium pakati pema electrodes akanaka neasina kunaka. Munguva yekuchaja, ma ioni e lithium anoburitswa kubva muzvinhu zvakanaka (kazhinji oxide senge lithium cobaltate), anopfuura nemu electrolyte, uye obva aiswa muzvinhu zvisina kunaka (kazhinji zvinhu zvine kabhoni). Munguva yekubuda, ma ioni e lithium anoparadzaniswa kubva muzvinhu zvisina kunaka uye ofamba nemu electrolyte kuenda kune zvakanaka, zvichigadzira simba remagetsi nemagetsi, izvo zvinoita kuti michina yekunze ishande.

Nheyo yekushanda kwemabhatiri e lithium inogona kurerutswa kuita matanho anotevera:

1. Munguva yekuchaja, electrode isina simba yebhatiri re lithium ichatora maerekitironi ekunze. Kuti irambe isina simba remagetsi, electrode yakanaka ichamanikidzwa kuburitsa maerekitironi kunze, uye maion e lithium akarasikirwa nemaerekitironi achakwezvwa ne electrode isina simba uye achafamba nemu electrolyte kuenda ku electrode isina simba. Nenzira iyi, electrode isina simba inozadza maerekitironi uye inochengeta maion e lithium.

2. Pakuburitsa maerekitironi, maerekitironi anodzokera kuerekitironi yakanaka kuburikidza nedunhu rekunze, uye maion e lithium anobviswawo kubva muerekitironi isina kunaka, zvichiburitsa simba remagetsi rakachengetwa panguva yacho, uye zvichidzokera kuerekitironi yakanaka kuburikidza neerekitironi, uye maerekitironi anosanganiswa kuti atore chikamu mukuderedza reaction kuti adzorere chimiro cheerekitiyamu.

3. Mukuita kwekuchaja nekuburitsa, kutaura zvazviri, inzira yemaion e-lithium achitevera maerekitironi, umo kuchengetwa nekuburitswa kwesimba remagetsi kunowanikwa.

Kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri e lithium kwapfuura nematanho akawanda. Mukutanga kwema1970, mabhatiri e lithium metal akatanga kushandiswa, asi nekuda kwekushanda kwakanyanya uye matambudziko ekuchengetedza e lithium metal, kugona kwawo kushandiswa kwaive kushoma. Mushure mezvo, mabhatiri e lithium-ion ave tekinoroji huru, iyo inoshandisa mishonga ye lithium isiri yesimbi sezvinhu zvakanaka zve electrode kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuchengetedza remabhatiri e lithium metal. Muma1990, mabhatiri e lithium polymer akaonekwa, achishandisa ma polymer gels se electrolytes, zvichivandudza kuchengetedzeka uye simba remabhatiri. Mumakore achangopfuura, matekinoroji matsva ebhatiri re lithium akadai semabhatiri e lithium-sulfur uye mabhatiri e lithium solid-state ave achigadzirwawo.

Parizvino, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion achiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya uye tekinoroji yemabhatiri yakakura. Ane simba rakawanda, hupenyu hwenguva refu uye mwero wekudzimisa wega wakaderera, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumafoni, makombiyuta enotebook, mota dzemagetsi nedzimwe nzvimbo. Pamusoro pezvo, mabhatiri e-lithium polymer anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya muminda yakaita semidziyo mitete neyakareruka uye mahedhifoni asina waya, nekuda kwesimba rawo rakawanda uye hunhu hwemagadzirirwo awo matete.

China yafambira mberi zvinoshamisa mumunda wemabhatiri e lithium. China ndeimwe yemakambani makuru ekugadzira uye kushandisa mabhatiri e lithium pasi rose. Cheni yeindasitiri yemabhatiri e lithium muChina yapera, kubva pakutenga zvinhu zvitsva kusvika pakugadzira mabhatiri ine chiyero chakati uye simba rehunyanzvi. Makambani emabhatiri e lithium muChina afambira mberi zvakanyanya mukutsvagisa nekuvandudza tekinoroji, kugona kugadzira uye mugove wemusika. Pamusoro pezvo, hurumende yeChina yakaunzawo nhevedzano yemitemo yekutsigira kukurudzira kuvandudzwa nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemabhatiri e lithium. Mabhatiri e Lithium ave mhinduro huru yesimba munzvimbo dzakadai semidziyo yemagetsi nemotokari dzemagetsi.