Te tūāpapa o te pūngao hou: Pānuihia te whanaketanga me te kaupapa o ngā pākahiko lithium
He momo pākahiko ka taea te whakahou ake ngā pākahiko lithium, ā, ko te tauhohenga hiko matū e hangai ana ki te hekenga o ngā katote lithium i waenga i ngā irahiko pai me ngā irahiko kino. Ko ngā painga o ngā pākahiko lithium ko te nui o te kaha, te roa o te ora me te iti o te tere tuku-ake, nō reira e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taputapu hiko me ngā waka hiko.
Ko te kaupapa mahi a ngā pākahiko lithium e ahu mai ana i te hekenga o ngā katote lithium i waenga i ngā irahiko pai me ngā irahiko kino. I te wā e utua ana, ka tukuna ngā katote lithium mai i te rauemi pai (he waikura pēnei i te lithium cobaltate), ka haere mā roto i te electrolyte, kātahi ka whakaurua ki roto i te rauemi kino (he rauemi waro te nuinga). I te wā e tukuna ana, ka wehea ngā katote lithium mai i te rauemi kino ka neke mā roto i te electrolyte ki te rauemi pai, ka whakaputa i te hiko me te hiko, ka akiaki i ngā taputapu o waho ki te mahi.
Ka taea te whakarāpopoto i te kaupapa mahi o ngā pākahiko lithium ki ngā mahi e whai ake nei:
1. I te wā e utua ana, ka mimiti te hiko kino o te pākahiko lithium i ngā irahiko o waho. Kia noho kore hiko, ka akiakihia te hiko pai ki te tuku i ngā irahiko ki waho, ā, ka kukumea ngā iona lithium kua ngaro ngā irahiko ki te hiko kino, ka neke mā roto i te irahiko ki te hiko kino. Mā tēnei, ka whakakīia anō e te hiko kino ngā irahiko, ka rongoa hoki i ngā iona lithium.
2. Ina tukuna te hiko, ka hoki ngā irahiko ki te irahiko pai mā te ara iahiko o waho, ā, ka tangohia atu hoki ngā katote lithium mai i te rauemi irahiko kino, ka tukuna te pūngao hiko kua rongoatia i roto i te tukanga, ā, ka hoki anō ki te irahiko pai mā te irahiko, ā, ka whakakotahihia ngā irahiko ki te whai wāhi ki te tauhohenga whakaiti hei whakaora i te hanganga o te matū lithium.
3. I roto i te tukanga utu me te tukunga, ko te tukanga tēnei o ngā irahiko e whaia ana e ngā katote lithium, ā, i roto i tēnei tukanga ka tutuki te rokiroki me te tukunga o te pūngao hiko.
He maha ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga o ngā pākahiko lithium. I te tīmatanga o te tekau tau atu i 1970, i whakaurua tuatahitia ngā pākahiko lithium whakarewa, engari nā te nui o te mahi me ngā take haumaru o te lithium whakarewa, he iti noa te whānuitanga o tā rātou whakamahinga. Nō muri mai, kua noho ngā pākahiko lithium-ion hei hangarau matua, e whakamahi ana i ngā matū lithium kore-whakarewa hei rauemi hiko pai hei whakaoti rapanga haumaru o ngā pākahiko lithium whakarewa. I te tekau tau atu i 1990, ka puta mai ngā pākahiko lithium polymer, e whakamahi ana i ngā kirikiri polymer hei electrolytes, hei whakapai ake i te haumaru me te kiato pūngao o ngā pākahiko. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whanake haere hoki ngā hangarau pākahiko lithium hou pērā i ngā pākahiko lithium-whanariki me ngā pākahiko lithium totoka.
I tēnei wā, ko ngā pākahiko lithium-ion tonu te hangarau pākahiko e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e tino pakari ana hoki. He nui te kaha o te pūngao, he roa te ora huringa, he iti te tere tukunga-ake, ā, he whānui te whakamahinga i roto i ngā waea pūkoro, ngā rorohiko pona, ngā waka hiko me ētahi atu mara. Hei tāpiri, he whānui hoki te whakamahinga o ngā pākahiko lithium polymer i roto i ngā mara pēnei i ngā taputapu angiangi me ngā taputapu māmā me ngā paneoro ahokore, nā te mea he nui te kaha o te pūngao me ngā āhuatanga hoahoa angiangi.
Kua tino angitu a Haina i roto i te ao o ngā pākahiko lithium. Ko Haina tētahi o ngā kaihanga me ngā kaihoko nui rawa atu o te ao o ngā pākahiko lithium. Kua oti te mekameka ahumahi pākahiko lithium o Haina, mai i te hoko rauemi mata ki te hanga pākahiko he tauine me te kaha hangarau. Kua tino angitu ngā kamupene pākahiko lithium o Haina i roto i te rangahau me te whanaketanga hangarau, te kaha whakaputa me te wahanga mākete. Hei tāpiri, kua whakaurua hoki e te kāwanatanga o Haina he raupapa kaupapa here tautoko hei whakatenatena i te whanaketanga me te auahatanga o te umanga pākahiko lithium. Kua noho ngā pākahiko lithium hei otinga hiko nui i roto i ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā taputapu hiko me ngā waka hiko.