Isisekelo samandla amasha: Funda ukuthuthukiswa kanye nesimiso samabhethri e-lithium

Amabhethri e-lithium awuhlobo oluvamile lwebhethri elishajekayo elisabela ngogesi ngokusekelwe ekufudukeni kwama-ion e-lithium phakathi kwama-electrode amahle nangalungile. Amabhethri e-lithium anezinzuzo zobuningi bamandla aphezulu, impilo ende kanye nesilinganiso esiphansi sokuzikhipha, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene kagesi kanye nezimoto zikagesi.

Umgomo wokusebenza wamabhethri e-lithium usekelwe ekufudukeni kwama-ion e-lithium phakathi kwama-electrode amahle nangalungile. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushaja, ama-ion e-lithium akhishwa ezintweni ezinhle (ngokuvamile i-oxide efana ne-lithium cobaltrate), adlule ku-electrolyte, bese efakwa ezintweni ezimbi (ngokuvamile izinto zekhabhoni). Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha, ama-ion e-lithium ahlukaniswa nezinto ezimbi futhi adlule ku-electrolyte aye ezintweni ezinhle, akhiqize amandla kagesi kanye nogesi, okuqhuba imishini yangaphandle ukuthi isebenze.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwamabhethri e-lithium ungenziwa lula ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushaja, i-electrode engemihle yebhethri le-lithium izomunca ama-electron angaphandle. Ukuze ihlale ingathathi hlangothi ngogesi, i-electrode engemihle izophoqeleka ukukhulula ama-electron ngaphandle, kanti ama-ion e-lithium alahlekelwe ama-electron azodonswa yi-electrode engemihle bese ehamba nge-electrolyte aye kwi-electrode engemihle. Ngale ndlela, i-electrode engemihle igcwalisa ama-electron futhi igcine ama-ion e-lithium.

2. Lapho ikhishwa, ama-electron abuyela ku-electrode enhle ngesekethe yangaphandle, futhi ama-ion e-lithium nawo asuswa ezintweni ze-electrode ezimbi, akhulule amandla kagesi agciniwe enkambisweni, bese ebuyela emuva ku-electrode enhle nge-electrolyte, bese ama-electron ahlanganiswa ukuze ahlanganyele ekusabeleni kokunciphisa ukubuyisela isakhiwo se-lithium compound.

3. Enkambisweni yokushaja nokukhipha, empeleni, kuyinqubo yama-ion e-lithium axosha ama-electron, lapho kugcinwa futhi kukhishwe amandla kagesi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium kudlule ezigabeni eziningi. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, amabhethri e-lithium metal aqala ukwethulwa, kodwa ngenxa yezinkinga zomsebenzi ophezulu kanye nokuphepha kwensimbi ye-lithium, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwawo babunqunyelwe. Ngemva kwalokho, amabhethri e-lithium-ion abe ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile, obusebenzisa ama-compound e-lithium angewona awensimbi njengezinto zokwakha i-electrode ezinhle ukuxazulula inkinga yokuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium metal. Ngawo-1990, kwavela amabhethri e-lithium polymer, esebenzisa ama-gel e-polymer njengama-electrolyte, okuthuthukisa ukuphepha namandla obuningi bamabhethri. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri le-lithium obufana namabhethri e-lithium-sulfur kanye namabhethri e-lithium aqinile nawo abelokhu ethuthuka.

Njengamanje, amabhethri e-lithium-ion asewubuchwepheshe bebhethri obusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi obuvuthiwe kakhulu. Anamandla amaningi, impilo yomjikelezo omude kanye nesilinganiso esiphansi sokuzikhipha, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi kumaselula, kumakhompyutha e-notebook, ezimotweni zikagesi nakwezinye izinkambu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri e-lithium polymer nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana namadivayisi amancane nalula kanye nama-headphone angenantambo, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo bamandla aphezulu kanye nezici zokwakheka okuncane.

IShayina yenze intuthuko emangalisayo emkhakheni wamabhethri e-lithium. IShayina ingenye yabakhiqizi abakhulu emhlabeni kanye nabathengi bamabhethri e-lithium. Uchungechunge lwemboni yamabhethri e-lithium eShayina seluphelile, kusukela ekuthengweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekukhiqizweni kwamabhethri lunesilinganiso esithile kanye namandla obuchwepheshe. Izinkampani zamabhethri e-lithium eShayina zenze intuthuko ebalulekile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe, amandla okukhiqiza kanye nesabelo semakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni waseShayina uphinde wethula uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zokusekela ukukhuthaza intuthuko kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha embonini yamabhethri e-lithium. Amabhethri e-lithium abe yisisombululo esikhulu samandla ezindaweni ezifana namadivayisi kagesi kanye nezimoto zikagesi.