Ke kihi o ka ikehu hou: E heluhelu i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ke kumumanaʻo o nā pila lithium
ʻO nā pila Lithium kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka pila hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻia nona ka hopena electrochemical e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion lithium ma waena o nā electrodes maikaʻi a me nā electrodes maikaʻi ʻole. Loaʻa i nā pila Lithium nā pono o ka nui o ka ikehu, ke ola lōʻihi a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻokuʻu ponoʻī, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā mea uila like ʻole a me nā kaʻa uila.
ʻO ke kumu hana o nā pila lithium e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion lithium ma waena o nā electrodes maikaʻi a me nā electrodes maikaʻi ʻole. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻouka, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ion lithium mai ka mea maikaʻi (ʻo ka oxide maʻamau e like me ka lithium cobaltate), hele ma waena o ka electrolyte, a laila hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka mea maikaʻi ʻole (ʻo ka mea kalapona maʻamau). I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻokuʻu, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ion lithium mai ka mea maikaʻi ʻole a neʻe ma waena o ka electrolyte i ka mea maikaʻi, e hoʻopuka ana i ka ikehu o ke au a me ka uila, ka mea e hoʻokele ai i nā lako o waho e hana.
Hiki ke hoʻomaʻalahi ʻia ke kumumanaʻo hana o nā pila lithium i nā ʻanuʻu penei:
1. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻouka, e omo ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole o ka pākahi lithium i nā electrons o waho. I mea e noho kūlike ʻole ai ka uila, e koi ʻia ka electrode maikaʻi e hoʻokuʻu i nā electrons i waho, a ʻo nā ion lithium i nalowale nā electrons e huki ʻia i ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole a neʻe ma o ka electrolyte i ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole. Ma kēia ʻano, hoʻopiha hou ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole i nā electrons a mālama i nā ion lithium.
2. Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia, hoʻi nā electrons i ka electrode maikaʻi ma o ke kaapuni waho, a ua wehe ʻia nā ion lithium mai ka mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka ikehu uila i mālama ʻia i ke kaʻina hana, a neʻe hou i ka electrode maikaʻi ma o ka electrolyte, a ua hui pū ʻia nā electrons e komo i ka hopena hōʻemi e hoʻihoʻi i ke ʻano o ka hui lithium.
3. I ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ʻo ia ka hana o nā ion lithium e alualu ana i nā electrons, kahi e hoʻokō ʻia ai ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ikehu uila.
Ua hala nā pae he nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pila lithium. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1970, ua hoʻolauna mua ʻia nā pila lithium metal, akā ma muli o ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā pilikia palekana o ka lithium metal, ua kaupalena ʻia kā lākou noi. Ma hope mai, ua lilo nā pila lithium-ion i ʻenehana nui, kahi e hoʻohana ai i nā hui lithium non-metallic ma ke ʻano he mau mea electrode maikaʻi e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia palekana o nā pila lithium metal. I nā makahiki 1990, ua puka mai nā pila lithium polymer, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā gels polymer ma ke ʻano he electrolytes, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka palekana a me ka nui o ka ikehu o nā pila. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomohala pū ʻia nā ʻenehana pila lithium hou e like me nā pila lithium-sulfur a me nā pila lithium solid-state.
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā pila lithium-ion ka ʻenehana pila i hoʻohana nui ʻia a ʻoi loa. Loaʻa iā ia ka nui o ka ikehu, ke ola pōʻaiapuni lōʻihi a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻokuʻu ponoʻī, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kelepona paʻalima, nā kamepiula lawe lima, nā kaʻa uila a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pila lithium polymer i nā ʻoihana e like me nā mea lahilahi a me nā mea māmā a me nā headphone uea ʻole, ma muli o ko lākou nui o ka ikehu a me nā ʻano hoʻolālā lahilahi.
Ua holomua nui ʻo Kina ma ke kahua o nā pila lithium. ʻO Kina kekahi o nā mea hana a me nā mea kūʻai aku nui loa o ka honua i nā pila lithium. Ua piha ke kaulahao ʻoihana pila lithium o Kina, mai ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea maka a hiki i ka hana ʻana i nā pila he nui a me ka ikaika loea. Ua holomua nui nā ʻoihana pila lithium o Kina i ka noiʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka hiki ke hana a me ka māhele mākeke. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻolauna pū ke aupuni Kina i kahi moʻo o nā kulekele kākoʻo e paipai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻoihana pila lithium. Ua lilo nā pila Lithium i mea hoʻonā ikehu nui ma nā wahi e like me nā mea uila a me nā kaʻa uila.